Abstract: Amashanyarazi ya Diesel ni garanti yizewe yumuriro wamashanyarazi, kandi imikorere yabo itekanye kandi ikora neza ningirakamaro kugirango habeho umusaruro.Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bw’amazi muri moteri ya mazutu ni imwe mu makosa akunze kugaragara, iyo, iyo bidakemuwe mu gihe gikwiye, bishobora kugeza ku bikoresho bikomeye byananiranye, bikagira ingaruka ku musaruro kandi bigatera igihombo cy’ubukungu kitagira ingano.Ubushyuhe mugihe cyo gukora moteri ya mazutu, yaba ubushyuhe bwa peteroli cyangwa ubushyuhe bukonje, bigomba kuba mubipimo bisanzwe.Kumashanyarazi ya mazutu, uburyo bwiza bwo gukora bwubushyuhe bwa peteroli bugomba kuba 90 ° kugeza 105 °, naho ubushyuhe bwiza bwa coolant bugomba kuba buri hagati ya 85 ° na 90 °.Niba ubushyuhe bwa moteri ya mazutu irenze urwego rwavuzwe haruguru cyangwa ndetse hejuru mugihe cyo gukora, bifatwa nkigikorwa gishyushye.Gukora cyane bitera ingaruka zikomeye kuri moteri ya mazutu kandi bigomba kuvaho vuba.Bitabaye ibyo, ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwamazi busanzwe butera gutekesha imbere ya radiatori, kugabanuka kwingufu, kugabanuka kwamavuta yo kwisiga, kongera ubushyamirane hagati yibigize, ndetse n’imikorere mibi ikomeye nko gukurura silinderi no gutwika gaze ya silinderi.
1 Intangiriro kuri sisitemu yo gukonjesha
Muri moteri ya mazutu, hafi 30% kugeza 33% yubushyuhe butangwa no gutwikwa na lisansi bigomba gukwirakwizwa hanze yisi binyuze mubice nka silinderi, imitwe ya silinderi, na piston.Kugirango ukwirakwize ubu bushyuhe, umubare uhagije wo gukonjesha ugomba guhatirwa guhora unyura mubice bishyushye, bigatuma ubushyuhe busanzwe kandi buhamye bwibi bice bishyushye binyuze mu gukonjesha.Kubwibyo, sisitemu yo gukonjesha yashyizwe mumashanyarazi menshi ya mazutu kugirango habeho umuvuduko uhoraho kandi uhoraho wo gukonjesha hamwe nubushyuhe bukwiye bwo gukonjesha.
1. Uruhare nuburyo bwo gukonja
Duhereye ku mikoreshereze y’ingufu, gukonjesha amashanyarazi ya mazutu ni igihombo cyingufu zigomba kwirindwa, ariko birakenewe ko imikorere isanzwe ya moteri ikora.Gukonjesha amashanyarazi ya mazutu bifite imirimo ikurikira: icya mbere, gukonjesha birashobora gukomeza ubushyuhe bwakazi bwibice bishyushye mugihe cyemewe cyibikoresho, bityo bigatuma imbaraga zihagije zibice bishyushye mubihe byubushyuhe bwinshi;Icya kabiri, gukonjesha birashobora kwemeza itandukaniro ryubushyuhe bukwiye hagati yinkuta zimbere ninyuma yibice bishyushye, bikagabanya ubushyuhe bwumuriro bwibice bishyushye;Byongeye kandi, gukonjesha birashobora kandi kwemeza neza neza ibice byimuka nka piston na silinderi, hamwe nuburyo busanzwe bwa firime ya peteroli hejuru yurukuta rwa silinderi.Izi ngaruka zo gukonjesha zigerwaho binyuze muri sisitemu yo gukonjesha.Mu micungire, ibice byombi byo gukonjesha moteri ya mazutu bigomba kwitabwaho, ntanubwo yemerera moteri ya mazutu guhinduka cyane kubera gukonja cyane cyangwa gushyuha cyane kubera kubura ubukonje.Muri iki gihe cya none, duhereye ku kugabanya igihombo gikonje kugira ngo ukoreshe neza ingufu zaka, ubushakashatsi kuri moteri ya adiabatic burimo gukorwa haba mu gihugu ndetse no ku rwego mpuzamahanga, kandi ibikoresho byinshi birwanya ubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyane nk'ibikoresho bya ceramique, byatejwe imbere.
Kugeza ubu, hari uburyo bubiri bwo gukonjesha amashanyarazi ya mazutu: gukonjesha amazi ku gahato no gukonjesha ikirere.Umubare munini wa moteri ya mazutu ukoresha iyambere.
2. Gukonjesha
Muri sisitemu yo gukonjesha amazi ya gazi ya mazutu, mubisanzwe hariho ubwoko butatu bwa coolant: amazi meza, coolant, namavuta yo gusiga.Amazi meza afite ubwiza bwamazi meza, ingaruka nziza zo guhererekanya ubushyuhe, kandi irashobora gukoreshwa mugutunganya amazi kugirango ikemure kwangirika kwayo no kunanirwa kwinshi, bigatuma iba uburyo bwiza bwo gukonjesha bukoreshwa muri iki gihe.Ibisabwa ku bwiza bw’amazi meza ya moteri ya mazutu muri rusange nta mwanda uri mu mazi meza cyangwa amazi yatoboye.Niba ari amazi meza, ubukana bwose ntibugomba kurenga 10 (dogere yubudage), agaciro ka pH kagomba kuba 6.5-8, naho chloride ntigomba kurenga 50 × 10-6.Iyo ukoresheje amazi yatoboye cyangwa amazi ya deionioni yakozwe nabaterankunga ba ion nko gukonjesha amazi meza, hagomba kwitabwaho cyane cyane gutunganya amazi meza kandi hagomba gukorwa ibizamini buri gihe kugirango harebwe niba umukozi w’ibikorwa byo gutunganya amazi agera ku kigero cyagenwe.Bitabaye ibyo, ruswa iterwa no kwibanda kudahagije irakomeye kuruta gukoresha amazi asanzwe (kubera kubura uburinzi bwimyanda ya firime yakozwe namazi asanzwe).Ubwiza bwamazi ya coolant buragoye kuyagenzura kandi ibibazo byayo byangirika nibipimo bigaragara.Kugabanya ruswa no gupima, ubushyuhe bwo gusohoka bwa coolant ntibugomba kurenga 45 ℃.Kubwibyo, kuri ubu ni gake gukoresha coolant mu buryo bukonje bwa moteri ya mazutu;Ubushuhe bwihariye bwamavuta yo gusiga ni buto, ingaruka zo guhererekanya ubushyuhe ni mbi, kandi nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bukunze gukorerwa kokiya mu cyumba gikonjesha.Ariko, ntabwo bitera ibyago byo kwanduza amavuta ya crankcase kubera kumeneka, bigatuma bikoreshwa nkuburyo bukonjesha piston.
3. Ibigize nibikoresho bya sisitemu yo gukonjesha
Bitewe nuburyo butandukanye bwakazi bwibice bishyushye, ubushyuhe bukenewe busabwa, umuvuduko, nibigize shingiro nabyo biratandukanye.Kubwibyo, gukonjesha sisitemu ya buri kintu gishyushye kigizwe na sisitemu zitandukanye zitandukanye.Mubisanzwe igabanyijemo uburyo butatu bwo gukonjesha amazi meza: silinderi liner hamwe na silindiri umutwe, piston, hamwe ninshinge.
Amazi meza ava mumasoko ya silinderi akonjesha pompe yamazi yinjira mugice cyo hepfo ya buri silinderi anyuze mumiyoboro nyamukuru yinjira mumazi ya silinderi, hanyuma akonjeshwa kumuhanda uva kumurongo wa silinderi ugana kuri silindiri kugera kuri turbocharger.Nyuma yuko imiyoboro isohoka ya buri silinderi ihujwe, ikonjeshwa na generator yamazi hamwe nogukonjesha amazi meza munzira, hanyuma ukongera ukinjira mumurongo wa silinderi liner ikonjesha pompe yamazi;Ubundi buryo bwinjira mu kigega cyo kwagura amazi meza.Umuyoboro uringaniye ushyirwaho hagati yikigega cyo kwagura amazi meza na silinderi liner ikonjesha pompe yamazi kugirango yuzuze amazi muri sisitemu kandi ikomeze umuvuduko wokunywa pompe yamazi akonje.
Hano hari sensor yubushyuhe muri sisitemu igaragaza impinduka zubushyuhe bwo gusohoka bwamazi akonje kandi ikagenzura ubushyuhe bwayo bwinjira binyuze mumashanyarazi.Ubushyuhe ntarengwa bw’amazi ntibushobora kurenga 90-95 ℃, bitabaye ibyo sensor yubushyuhe bwamazi ikohereza ikimenyetso kubigenzura, bigatuma moteri ya mazutu ishyuha cyane kandi igategeka ibikoresho guhagarara.
Hariho uburyo bubiri bwo gukonjesha amashanyarazi ya mazutu: guhuriza hamwe no gutandukana.Twabibutsa ko muri sisitemu yo gutandukanya ubwoko bwa intercooling, moderi zimwe zishobora kugira ahantu hakonjesha ubushyuhe bwo guhinduranya ubushyuhe bunini kuruta ubw'umuriro uhinduranya amazi ya silinderi, kandi abashinzwe serivisi za ba nyir'ibikorwa bakunze gukora amakosa.Kuberako byunvikana nkamazi ya silinderi akeneye guhanahana ubushyuhe bwinshi, ariko kubera itandukaniro rito ryubushyuhe mugukonjesha gukonje hamwe no guhinduranya ubushyuhe buke, hasabwa ahantu hanini ho gukonja.Mugihe ushyiraho imashini nshya, birakenewe kwemeza hamwe nuwabikoze kugirango wirinde gukora ibikorwa bigira ingaruka kumajyambere.Ubushyuhe bwamazi asohoka ya cooler ntibushobora kurenza dogere 54.Ubushyuhe bukabije burashobora kubyara urugimbu rwamamaza hejuru ya cooler, bikagira ingaruka ku gukonjesha guhindura ubushyuhe.
2 Gusuzuma no kuvura amakosa yubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwamazi
1. Urwego rwo hasi rukonje cyangwa guhitamo bidakwiye
Ikintu cya mbere kandi cyoroshye kugenzura ni urwego rukonje.Ntukabe imiziririzo kubyerekeranye no guhinduranya amazi yo hasi, rimwe na rimwe imiyoboro ifunze amazi meza yo murwego rwohindura irashobora kuyobya abagenzuzi.Byongeye kandi, nyuma yo guhagarara ku bushyuhe bw’amazi menshi, birakenewe gutegereza ko ubushyuhe bwamazi bugabanuka mbere yo kuzuza amazi, bitabaye ibyo birashobora guteza impanuka zikomeye zibikoresho nko kumenagura umutwe wa silinderi.
moteri yihariye ikonjesha ibintu bifatika.Buri gihe ugenzure urwego rukonje muri radiator no kwagura ikigega, hanyuma wuzuze mugihe gikwiye mugihe urwego rwamazi ruri hasi.Kuberako niba habuze ubukonje muri sisitemu yo gukonjesha ya mazutu, bizagira ingaruka ku gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bwa moteri ya mazutu kandi bitera ubushyuhe bwinshi.
2. Guhagarika gukonjesha cyangwa radiator (gukonjesha ikirere)
Guhagarika imirasire bishobora guterwa numukungugu cyangwa undi mwanda, cyangwa birashobora guterwa nudusimba twunamye cyangwa twavunitse tugabanya umwuka.Mugihe cyoza hamwe numuyaga mwinshi cyangwa amazi, witondere kutagonda ibicurane bikonje, cyane cyane imbeho ikonjesha.Rimwe na rimwe, iyo gukonjesha gukoreshwa igihe kirekire cyane, urwego rwimvange ruzajya rwerekana hejuru ya cooler, bikagira ingaruka ku guhana ubushyuhe no gutera ubushyuhe bw’amazi menshi.Kugirango umenye neza ubukonje, imbunda ipima ubushyuhe irashobora gukoreshwa mugupima itandukaniro ryubushyuhe hagati y’amazi yinjira n’isohoka ry’umuvuduko w’ubushyuhe hamwe n’ubushyuhe bw’amazi yinjira n’isohoka rya moteri.Ukurikije ibipimo byatanzwe nuwabikoze, birashobora kugenwa niba ingaruka zikonje ari mbi cyangwa hari ikibazo cyikonje.
3. Umuyaga wangiritse no gupfuka (gukonjesha ikirere)
Imashini ikonjesha ya mazutu ikonjesha kandi igomba kugenzura niba umuyaga uhumeka hamwe nigifuniko byangiritse, kuko ibyangiritse bishobora gutuma umwuka ushyushye uzenguruka mu kirere, bikagira ingaruka ku gukonja.Ikirere gisohoka kigomba kuba inshuro 1,1-1.2 z'ubuso bukonjesha, bitewe n'uburebure bw'umuyoboro w'ikirere n'imiterere ya grille, ariko ntibiri munsi yubushuhe.Icyerekezo cyabafana kiratandukanye, kandi hariho itandukaniro mugushiraho igifuniko.Mugihe ushyiraho imashini nshya, ugomba kwitondera.
4. Kwangiza abafana cyangwa kwangiza umukandara cyangwa kurekura
Buri gihe ugenzure niba umukandara wumufana wa moteri ya mazutu irekuye kandi niba imiterere yabafana idasanzwe.Kubera ko umukandara w'abafana urekuye cyane, biroroshye gutera igabanuka ry'umuvuduko w'abafana, bigatuma radiator idashobora gukoresha ubushobozi bwayo bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe, biganisha ku bushyuhe bwinshi bwa moteri ya mazutu.
Umuvuduko wumukandara ugomba guhinduka muburyo bukwiye.Mugihe kurekura bishobora kuba atari byiza, gukomera cyane birashobora kugabanya ubuzima bwumurimo wumukandara winkunga.Niba umukandara umenetse mugihe cyo gukora, irashobora kuzenguruka umuyaga hanyuma ukangiza ubukonje.Amakosa nkaya yabayeho mugukoresha umukandara nabakiriya bamwe.Byongeye kandi, guhindura abafana birashobora kandi gutuma ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bwa radiator budakoreshwa neza.
5. Kunanirwa na Thermostat
Kugaragara kumubiri wa thermostat.Kunanirwa kwa thermostat birashobora kugenzurwa mbere yo gupima itandukaniro ryubushyuhe hagati yubushyuhe bwamazi yinjira n’isohoka ry’ikigega cy’amazi hamwe na pompe y’amazi yinjira hamwe noguhindura ubushyuhe hakoreshejwe imbunda ipima ubushyuhe.Ubundi bugenzuzi busaba gusenya thermostat, kubiteka n'amazi, gupima ubushyuhe bwo gufungura, ubushyuhe bwuzuye, hamwe na dogere yuzuye kugirango umenye ubwiza bwa thermostat.bisaba ubugenzuzi bwa 6000H, ariko mubisanzwe birasimburwa muburyo butaziguye mugihe cyo hejuru cyangwa hejuru no hepfo yo gusana bikomeye, kandi nta genzura rikorwa niba nta makosa hagati.Ariko niba thermostat yangiritse mugihe cyo kuyikoresha, ni ngombwa kugenzura niba ibyuma bikonjesha amazi ya pompe ikonje byangiritse kandi niba hari ikigega cya termostat gisigaye mu kigega cy’amazi kugirango wirinde kwangirika kwa pompe y’amazi.
6. Pompe y'amazi yangiritse
Ibi birashoboka.Uwimura ashobora kwangirika cyangwa gutandukana, kandi birashobora kugenwa niba kuyisenya no kuyigenzura hifashishijwe uburyo bunoze bwo gupima ubushyuhe bwapima imbunda nigipimo cyumuvuduko, kandi bigomba gutandukanywa nibintu byo gufata ikirere muri sisitemu.Hano hari isoko isohoka hepfo ya pompe yamazi, kandi amazi atonyanga hano byerekana ko kashe yamazi yananiwe.Imashini zimwe zishobora kwinjira muri sisitemu binyuze muri ibi, bigira ingaruka ku kuzenguruka no gutera ubushyuhe bw’amazi menshi.Ariko niba hari ibitonyanga bike bitemba mumunota umwe mugihe usimbuye pompe yamazi, birashobora gusigara bitavuwe kandi bikareba gukoreshwa.Ibice bimwe ntibizongera gusohoka nyuma yo kwiruka mugihe runaka.
7. Hariho umwuka muri sisitemu yo gukonjesha
Umwuka muri sisitemu urashobora kugira ingaruka kumazi, kandi mugihe gikomeye, birashobora gutuma pompe yamazi idahomba kandi sisitemu ikareka gutemba.Ndetse na moteri zimwe na zimwe zagiye zuzura amazi ava mu kigega cy'amazi mu gihe cyo gukora, gutabaza mu rwego rwo hasi mu gihe cyo guhagarara, no guca imanza zitangwa na nyir'ugukora ibicuruzwa, bibwira ko gaze yo gutwika ivuye muri silinderi runaka yinjiye muri sisitemu yo gukonjesha.Basimbuye gaze ya silinderi 16 yose, ariko imikorere mibi yarakomeje mugihe cyo gukora.Tumaze kugera kurubuga, twatangiye kunanirwa duhereye hejuru ya moteri.Umwuka urangiye, moteri yakoraga bisanzwe.Kubwibyo, mugihe uhanganye namakosa, birakenewe kumenya neza ko ibintu nkibi byakuweho mbere yo gusana bikomeye.
8. Amavuta akonjesha yangiza amavuta atemba
(1) Ikosa
Imashini itanga amashanyarazi yashizwe mubice runaka wasangaga amazi adahwema gutembera hanze kuva kumpera yumwobo wamavuta ya dipstick mugihe cyo kugenzura mbere yo gutangira, hasigara ubukonje buke mumashanyarazi.
(2) Kubona no gusesengura amakosa
Nyuma yiperereza, birazwi ko mbere yuko moteri ya mazutu itangiza imikorere, nta bintu bidasanzwe byabonetse mugihe cyo kubaka ahazubakwa.Amashanyarazi yamenetse mu isafuriya ya peteroli nyuma ya moteri ya mazutu.Impamvu nyamukuru zitera iyi mikorere mibi ni ugukonjesha amavuta cyangwa kwangirika kwa silinderi liner ifunga icyumba cyamazi.Ubwa mbere rero, hakozwe ikizamini cyumuvuduko kuri firimu ya peteroli, harimo no gukuramo ibicurane muri firimu ya peteroli hamwe n’isohoka n’isohoka rihuza imiyoboro y’amavuta yo gusiga.Hanyuma, icyuma gikonjesha cyarahagaritswe, hanyuma hashyirwaho igitutu runaka cyamazi kuri enterineti.Kubera iyo mpamvu, byagaragaye ko amazi yasohotse ku cyambu cya peteroli amavuta, byerekana ko ikosa ry’amazi ryari imbere muri firime ya peteroli.Ikosa rya coolant yamenetse ryatewe no gusudira ingirabuzimafatizo ikonje, kandi birashobora kuba byarabaye mugihe cyo guhagarika moteri ya mazutu.Kubwibyo, iyo moteri ya mazutu yashizeho yarangije gukora, ntakintu kidasanzwe cyabayeho.Ariko iyo moteri ya mazutu yazimye, umuvuduko wamavuta wamavuta wegera zeru, kandi radiator ifite uburebure runaka.Muri iki gihe, umuvuduko ukonje uruta umuvuduko wamavuta wamavuta, kandi coolant izinjira mumasafuriya yamavuta kuva ifungura intangiriro ya cooler, bigatuma amazi atemba hanze avuye kumpera yumwobo wa peteroli.
(3) Gukemura ibibazo
Kuramo amavuta akonjesha hanyuma umenye aho weld ifunguye.Nyuma yo gusudira, amakosa yarakemutse.
9. Cylinder liner yamenetse itera ubushyuhe bukabije
(1) Ikosa
Amashanyarazi ya B ya moteri.Mu gihe cyo kuvugurura amaduka yo gusana, piston, impeta za piston, ibishishwa hamwe n’ibindi bikoresho byarasimbuwe, indege y’umutwe wa silinderi yari hasi, maze umurongo wa silinderi urasimburwa.Nyuma y’ivugurura rikomeye, nta bidasanzwe byagaragaye mu gihe cyo gukora mu ruganda, ariko nyuma yo gushyikirizwa nyir'imashini kugira ngo ayikoreshe, habaye ikibazo cy’ubushyuhe bukabije.Ukurikije ibitekerezo byabakoresha, nyuma yo kugera ku bushyuhe busanzwe bwo gukora, ubushyuhe bukonje buzagera kuri 100 ℃ nyuma yo gukora ibirometero 3-5.Niba ihagaritswe mugihe runaka kandi igakomeza gukora nyuma yubushyuhe bwamazi igabanutse, bizongera kuzamuka kugera kuri 100 ℃ mugihe gito cyane.Imashini itanga mazutu nta rusaku rudasanzwe, kandi nta mazi yinjira mu kibanza cya silinderi.
(2) Kubona no gusesengura amakosa
Imashini itanga mazutu nta rusaku rudasanzwe, kandi umwotsi uva mu muyoboro usanzwe ni ibisanzwe.Birashobora kwemezwa ko gutandukanya hagati ya valve, valve hamwe nuyobora inkoni ari ibisanzwe.Ubwa mbere, bapima igitutu cya silinderi ukoresheje igipimo cyo guhagarika umuvuduko, hanyuma ukore igenzura ryibanze rya sisitemu yo gukonjesha.Nta mazi yatembye cyangwa amazi yabonetse, kandi urwego rukonje rwamazi muri radiator narwo rwujuje amabwiriza.Iyo ugenzura imikorere ya pompe yamazi nyuma yo gutangira, ntakidasanzwe cyabonetse, kandi nta tandukaniro ryagaragaye ryagaragaye hagati yibyumba byo hejuru na hepfo ya radiator.Icyakora, habonetse umubare muto wibibyimba, kuburyo byakekwaga ko gaze ya silinderi yangiritse.Kubwibyo, nyuma yo gukuraho umutwe wa silinderi no kugenzura gaze ya silinderi, ntakintu kigaragara cyo gutwika cyabonetse.Nyuma yo kwitegereza neza, byagaragaye ko hari ibyangiritse hejuru yumurongo wa silinderi wari hejuru yindege yo hejuru ya blindingi.Mugihe washyizemo igitereko cya silinderi, umwobo wa piston washyizwe neza neza muruziga rwinyuma rwagace kangiritse, kandi igitereko cya silinderi cyajugunywe hamwe nindege yo hejuru yicyambu cyangiritse.Duhereye kuri ibi, dushobora kuvuga ko gufunga nabi gaze ya silinderi byatumye gaze yumuvuduko mwinshi winjira mumazi, bikavamo ubushyuhe bukabije bukabije.
(3) Gukemura ibibazo
Nyuma yo gusimbuza umurongo wa silinderi no gukaza umutwe wa silinderi ukurikije itara ryerekanwe, nta kintu na kimwe cyigeze kibaho ubushyuhe bukabije.
10. Igikorwa kirekire kirenze urugero
Igihe kirekire kirenze urugero cya moteri ya mazutu irashobora kongera ingufu za peteroli hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro, bigatuma ubushyuhe bwamazi menshi.Kugirango bigerweho, moteri ya mazutu igomba kwirindwa gukora igihe kirekire.
11. Gukurura silinderi ya moteri
Gukurura silinderi ya moteri itanga ubushyuhe bwinshi, bigatuma ubushyuhe bwamavuta bwiyongera hamwe nubushyuhe bwamazi ya silinderi.Iyo silinderi ikuruwe cyane, umwotsi wera uzasohoka ku cyambu cyo guhumeka cya crankcase, ariko gukurura gake birashobora kwerekana gusa ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwamazi, kandi nta mpinduka nini ihari muguhumeka.Niba ihinduka ryubushyuhe bwa peteroli ritakigaragara, biragoye kubimenya.Iyo ubushyuhe bwamazi buri hejuru cyane, birashobora gukoreshwa nkuburyo bwo gukingura urugi rwikariso, kugenzura hejuru yumurongo wa silinderi, kumenya ibibazo mugihe, no kwirinda impanuka zikomeye zikurura silinderi.Mugihe c'igenzura, birakenewe kugenzura ikirere gisohoka mu kirere buri mwanya.Niba hari umwotsi wera cyangwa kwiyongera gukabije kwikirere, bigomba guhagarikwa kugirango bigenzurwe.Niba nta bidasanzwe biri mumurongo wa silinderi, birakenewe ko harebwa niba hari amavuta mabi atera ubushyuhe bwinshi bwa peteroli.Mu buryo nk'ubwo, kwiyongera kw'ikirere bizaboneka mu gikarito.Birakenewe kumenya icyabiteye no kugikemura mbere yo gukoresha imashini kugirango wirinde impanuka zikomeye zibikoresho.
Ibyavuzwe haruguru nimpamvu nyinshi zishoboka, zishobora gucirwa urubanza kuva byoroshye kugeza bigoye, bihujwe nibindi bintu bishobora kuba amakosa, kugirango umenye impamvu.Mugihe ugerageza imodoka nshya cyangwa irimo gusanwa cyane, birakenewe gupima no kwandika ubushyuhe bwamazi kumbere no gusohoka kwa cooler, kwinjira no gusohoka kwimashini, hamwe nubushyuhe bwa buri mavuta yo kwisiga mubihe bitandukanye byuburemere, bityo nko koroshya kugereranya ibipimo niperereza mugihe cyibintu bidasanzwe mugihe imashini idasanzwe.Niba bidashobora gukemurwa byoroshye, urashobora gupima izindi ngingo zubushyuhe kandi ugakoresha isesengura ryibitekerezo bikurikira kugirango ubone icyateye amakosa.
3 haz Ibyago byubushyuhe bukabije ningamba zo gukumira
Niba moteri ya mazutu iri "yumye yumye", ni ukuvuga, ikora idafite amazi akonje, uburyo ubwo aribwo bwose bwo gukonjesha bwo gusuka amazi akonje mumashanyarazi ntibukora neza, kandi moteri ya mazutu ntishobora gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe mugihe ikora.Ubwa mbere, muburyo bukora, icyambu cyuzuza amavuta kigomba gukingurwa kandi amavuta yo gusiga agomba kongerwamo vuba.Ibi ni ukubera ko muburyo butagira umwuma rwose, amavuta yo kwisiga ya moteri ya mazutu azagenda yumuka mubushyuhe bwinshi kandi agomba kuzuzwa vuba.Nyuma yo kongeramo amavuta yo gusiga, moteri igomba kuzimwa, kandi hagomba gufatwa uburyo ubwo aribwo bwose kugirango uzimye moteri ya mazutu hanyuma ucike amavuta.Icyarimwe koresha intangiriro hanyuma ukore pasitoro ikora moteri ya mazutu, ukomeza gukora amasegonda 10 hamwe nintera 5-isegonda kugirango ukomeze iyi frequency.Nibyiza kwangiza moteri itangira kuruta kurinda moteri ya mazutu, kugirango ugabanye impanuka zikomeye nko gufata cyangwa gukurura silinderi.Kubwibyo, ingamba zo gukumira zigomba gufatwa kugirango sisitemu ikonje.
1. Guhindura ibipimo byakazi bya sisitemu yo gukonjesha
(1) Umuvuduko wo gusohoka wa pompe y'amazi akonje ugomba guhinduka mubikorwa bisanzwe.Mubisanzwe, umuvuduko wamazi meza ugomba kuba hejuru yumuvuduko ukonje kugirango wirinde gukonjesha gutemba mumazi meza bikayatera kwangirika mugihe akonje kamenetse.
(2) Ubushyuhe bwamazi meza bugomba guhindurwa mubikorwa bisanzwe bikurikiza amabwiriza.Ntukemere ko ubushyuhe bwo gusohoka bwamazi meza bugabanuka cyane (bitera ubushyuhe bwiyongera, guhagarika ubushyuhe, kwangirika kwubushyuhe buke) cyangwa hejuru cyane (bitera guhumeka kwa firime yamavuta yo kwisiga kurukuta rwa silinderi, kwambara cyane kurukuta rwa silinderi, guhumeka mu cyumba gikonjesha, no gusaza byihuse bya silinderi liner ifunga impeta).Kuri moteri ya mazutu yoroheje kandi yihuta, ubushyuhe bwo gusohoka burashobora kugenzurwa hagati ya 70 ℃ na 80 ℃ (udatwitse amavuta aremereye arimo sulfure), naho kuri moteri yihuta, irashobora kugenzurwa hagati ya 60 ℃ na 70 ℃;Itandukaniro ry'ubushyuhe hagati yo gutumiza no kohereza hanze ntirishobora kurenga 12 ℃.Mubisanzwe nibyiza kwegera imipaka yo hejuru yemewe kubushyuhe bwamazi meza.
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. gukonjesha amazi cyangwa ubushyuhe bukonje.Amato agezweho yubatswe akenshi aba afite ibikoresho byo kugenzura ubushyuhe bwikora bwamazi meza namavuta yo gusiga, kandi indangagaciro zazo zigenzura ahanini zashyizwe mumiyoboro y'amazi meza hamwe namavuta yo gusiga kugirango igenzure ubwinshi bwamazi meza namavuta yo kwisiga yinjira muri cooler.
(5) Reba imigendekere y'amazi akonje muri buri silinderi.Niba ari ngombwa guhindura amazi akonje, valve isohoka ya pompe yamazi akonje igomba guhinduka, kandi umuvuduko wo guhinduka ugomba gutinda bishoboka.Umuyoboro winjira wa pompe yamazi akonje ugomba guhora mumwanya wuzuye.
.Impamvu igomba kumenyekana no kuvaho vuba bishoboka.
2. Kora ubugenzuzi buri gihe
.Niba urwego rwamazi rugabanutse vuba, igitera kigomba kumenyekana vuba kandi kigavaho.
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(3) Reba niba akayunguruzo gakonje hamwe na valve ikonjesha byahagaritswe n imyanda.Iyo ubwato bugenda mukarere gakonje, birakenewe gushimangira imicungire yimiyoboro ikonjesha kugirango hirindwe ko valve yo mumazi itagwa nurubura, no kureba ubushyuhe bwa coolant yinjira muri cooler (25 ℃).
(4) Nibyiza kugenzura ubwiza bwamazi akonje rimwe mubyumweru.Ubwinshi bwibintu byongera amazi (nka inhibitori ya ruswa) bigomba kuba mubipimo byagenwe mumabwiriza yabo, bifite agaciro ka pH (7-10 kuri 20 ℃) hamwe na chloride yibanze (bitarenze 50ppm).Impinduka muri ibi bipimo zishobora kumenya hafi imikorere yimikorere ya sisitemu yo gukonjesha.Niba ubunini bwa chloride bwiyongereye, byerekana ko coolant yatembye;Kugabanuka kwagaciro ka pH byerekana kumeneka.
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Incamake:
Ingamba zifatika zo gukumira no gukemura ibibazo byubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa moteri ya mazutu birakenewe kugirango ugabanye ibyago byo gukora nabi moteri ya mazutu, kwemeza umusaruro usanzwe nubuzima bwa serivisi ya moteri ya mazutu.Ibidukikije bitanga ingufu za mazutu birashobora kunozwa muburyo bwinshi, ubwiza bwibikoresho bitanga ingufu za mazutu birashobora kunozwa, kandi hagafatwa ingamba zo kubungabunga kugirango bigabanye ingaruka ziterwa nubushyuhe bwo hejuru, bityo bikarinda neza no gukoresha amashanyarazi ya mazutu.Ubushuhe bukabije bwamazi mumashanyarazi ya mazutu arasanzwe, ariko mugihe bigaragaye mugihe gikwiye, mubisanzwe ntabwo byangiza cyane moteri ya mazutu.Gerageza kudafunga imashini byihutirwa nyuma yo kuvumburwa, ntukihutire kuzuza amazi, kandi utegereze ko umutwaro wapakururwa mbere yo kuzimya.Ibyavuzwe haruguru bishingiye kubikoresho byamahugurwa ya generator yashizeho uruganda nuburambe bwa serivisi kurubuga.Nizere ko dushobora gufatanya kubungabunga ibikoresho bitanga amashanyarazi mugihe kizaza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-07-2024